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Ma Rulung (Ma Julung in Wade Giles) was a Chinese Muslim who originally rebelled against the Qing dynasty along with Du Wenxiu in the Panthay Rebellion. He later defected to the Qing side.〔(Original from Harvard University)〕 After officially surrendering in 1862 his forces effectively occupied the capital of Yunnan. He then helped the Qing forces crush his fellow Muslim rebels, and defeated them.〔(Original from the University of Michigan)〕〔(Original from Harvard University)()()〕〔(Original from the University of Michigan)〕〔(Original from the University of Michigan)〕 He was known by the name of Marshal Ma to Europeans and achieved almost total control in Yunnan province.〔(Original from Harvard University)〕 He was the most powerful military official in the province after the war. Du Wenxiu was fought against by the defector to the Qing Ma Rulong. The Muslim scholar Ma Dexin, who said that Neo-Confucianism was reconcilable with Islam, approved of Ma Rulong defecting to the Qing and he also assisted other Muslims in defecting. General Ma Yu-kun, who fought against Japanese forces in the First Sino-Japanese War and against foreigners in the Boxer Rebellion was believed to be Ma Rulong's son by Europeans.〔 ==References== * * * * * * * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ma Rulong」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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